Instead of duplicating any one approach,U.S.policymakers should borrowfrom the menu of options to craft a cohesive,pro-innovation data strategy.
INTRODUCTION
Common tropes about data,such as claims that it is the new oil,sand,or bacon,highlight data’sgrowing importance to the economy and society.Many countries have responded by creating policiesabout data,including personal data,business data,and government data.These policies cover arange of issues,such as who can access it,where it can be stored,how it should be protected,andmore.
There are important differences in how countries treat and value data.Some countries use data asan economic asset or as a tool for modernization and development,while others use data to exertcontrol over citizens.This report compares key data policies in China,India,Singapore,the UnitedKingdom,and the European Union.These countries were selected to show the menu of options thatcountries have taken in data policy.Although the United States has created some important datapolicies,such as on open government data,it was not included because it lacks a clear andconsistent national approach to key data policy issues,such as data protection where statelegislatures have set many of the rules.
For each country,the report details the country’s data policies’goals,strategies,and tactics,as wellas the agencies involved.This report does not attempt to explore all the nuances of each country’sdata policies,particularly sectoralfocused policies in areas like financial services or health care.Instead,it focuses on broad,high-level thinking toward data.The report shows that while manycountries recognize the social and economic value of data,the policies they pursue to maximize thatvalue can vary widely.
Policymakers should learn from these global approaches and take action to craft a coordinatedapproach to data focused on two goals:maximizing the benefits of data-driven innovation (byencouraging data collection and data sharing,and avoiding unnecessarily burdensome dataprotection rules),and minimizing the barriers to cross-border data flows.
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