(ILO 2022a;De Henau 2022).This job creation potential by2035 would be driven by 96 million direct jobs in childcare,136 million direct jobs in long-term care,and 67 millionindirect jobs in non-care sectors.About 1.5 per cent ofglobal GDP (without considering the influx of taxesresulting from increased formal employment)would berequired to provide universal childcare of high-quality,over and above the current public spending of 0.3 per centof global GDP
With childcare-related leave (maternity,paternity andparental leave),childcare services are essential elementsof gender-transformative care policy packages (ILO
2022a).When designed to take into account the needs ofthe “care triad”(ILO 2018a)-children,parents (whether inemployment or not),and early childhood care and
education (ECCE)personnel -they offer multiple benefitsby promoting child development,creating decent jobs,reducing parents’unpaid care work,and promotingwomen’s employment and income (ILO 2022a;O’Donnelland Lombardi 2021;O’Donnell et al.2022;UN Women2019;2021;Devercelli and Beaton-Day 2020).
Evidence shows a positive correlation between theemployment-to-population ratios of women with youngchildren and the number of children aged 0-2 yearsenrolled in early childhood education and development(ECED)programmes,as presented in figure 1.The
presence of childcare services also contributes to reducingthe”motherhood pay gap”-that is the gap in earningsbetween mothers and non-mothers -including throughhaving more women in managerial and leadershippositions (ILO 2019b).Children can also have betterdevelopmental outcomes when the countries they live inanchor a right to universal ECCE services into nationallegislation (figure 2).
Building on the data of the ILO Care Policy InvestmentSimulator(box 1),this brief contributes to this body ofevidence and argues that there is a compelling investmentcase in providing a gender-transformative policy package
of childcare-related leave and universal and free ECCEservices from birth to the start of mandatory primaryeducation anchored in national law.It highlights thespecific challenges that childcare policy gaps pose forparents in the world of work,as well as the benefits thatthese transformative investments generate in terms of
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